Subject header says it all. Do any of you know of or have a reference to any decent scholarship discussing the Center Squeeze effect that Hare RCV has? There is a really stupid page at the Center for Election Science describing what they call "Center Squeeze" of FPTP. But there is nothing in it about **center** squeeze. It's about the problem of vote splitting with two clones that happen to be in the center. There is nothing about it which demonstrates any bias against candidates in the *center* of the spectrum. It's just about clones, wherever they lie on the spectrum. I have always understood (and even put it in my paper) that Center Squeeze was is a problem of Hare RCV (IRV) and the source of the problem is that Hare RCV is opaque to second-choice votes until such votes are promoted to effectively first-choice and actually counted. The centrist candidate is at a disadvantage because the centrist candidate can expect to receive a lot more second-choice votes from the Left and Right than those two candidates on the Left and Right can expect to receive from voters in the opposite wing. Anyway, I am looking for a good scholarly reference, if one exists. bestest, robert -- r b-j . _ . _ . _ . _ rbj@audioimagination.com "Imagination is more important than knowledge." . . . -- r b-j . _ . _ . _ . _ rbj@audioimagination.com "Imagination is more important than knowledge." . . .