Spatial models of voting A few decades ago, I came across a spatial model voting, which was only in terms of the spatial positions of spot votes or single preference votes. It was essentially a strategy game, calculating what was the best spatial position for a candidate to occupy in order to win. Anyway, that’s how I remember it, all this time ago, now that I’m reminded of it by erudite mathematical and computational discussions around me. Then I also remembered that I have actually done an electoral model of physical space-time – the Minkowski Interval (in my free Smashwords e-book: Statistical Relativity Elections.) It draws on my previous e-book, FAB STV: Four Averages Binomial Single Transferable Vote. To make this analogy work, you have to have a two-dimensional version of Binomial STV. That means a complex number count. One vote is for your individual representative. The other vote is for the best arbiter for the community. The arbiter is a neutral, not an identity or a polar opposite, and is thus physically represented at right angles to the representative axis. The two axes, of representation and arbitration, are each exactly the same as one-dimensional binomial STV. But a two-dimensional plane, of individual and community representation, requires a complex number count. Regards, Richard Lung.