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What is the most useful definition of "monotonicity"?

RL
Rob Lanphier
Wed, Nov 18, 2020 7:45 AM

Hi Kevin,

Thanks for being patient with me and humoring me with this exercise.
Your email reminded me to reply to Steve Eppley, which I did:
http://lists.electorama.com/pipermail/election-methods-electorama.com/2020-November/002605.html

In that email, I noted my desire to have a truly excellent article
about the "Monotonicity criterion" (either on Wikipedia or electowiki,
and preferably on both) which is approachable by the layperson.  I
want an article that the reader to learn more (with an appropriate
number of hyperlinks and footnotes), but still doesn't bombard the
reader with acronyms, abbreviation and jargon.

The article on electowiki is here:
https://electowiki.org/wiki/Monotonicity

...and the corresponding English Wikipedia article is here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonicity_criterion

Both of those articles bombard the reader with mathematical terms, but
do a poor job of using them consistently.

More below:

On Tue, Nov 17, 2020 at 8:41 PM Kevin Venzke stepjak@yahoo.fr wrote:

I'm not quite seeing the connection between the goal of renaming monotonicity,
and the introduction (or popularization) of another eight criteria. Woodall
still referred to it all as monotonicity, so how does his work help?

Admittedly, "renaming monotonicity" isn't as helpful as being more
explicit.  "Whenver someone says 'monotonicity criterion', assume they
mean 'mono-raise'".

This whole exercise is to help me more deeply understand the Woodall
paper (in particular, the "Woodall Nine"), which is going to involve a
lot more study on my part.  Why do I want to understand the Woodall
Nine?  Well, I want to understand why he broke it up into nine
different criteria, giving them names (mono-raise, mono-raise-delete,
mono-raise-random, mono-append, mono-sub-plump, mono-sub-top,
mono-add-plump, mono-add-top, mono-remove-bottom).  I'm also wondering
why so many election-method experts seem to be conversant in the
distinction between these, but choose to call them all a single
criterion, as if there's a simple pass-fail relationship.

A couple of the criteria are so hard to satisfy that for most people it's
probably not worth learning about them.

As far as whether it's worth learning, I think that's a judgement call
I want to leave to the person trying to learn about monotonicity.  My
goal is to understand monotonicity much more deeply than I do today,
so that I'm a more effective teacher on the subject.  That's why I
appreciate how you spelled out the "couple of the criteria":

Namely, Mono-raise-random and Mono-sub-top are apparently only satisfied by
FPP and certain top-heavy Borda-like rules that Woodall didn't even see fit
to name. His motivation for having these criteria was clearly not advocacy.

Perfect; thank you!  Like I said, I'm trying to figure out which
criteria I'm going to spend a lot of time trying to teach others via
my writing on electowiki (and elsewhere).

The next portion of your email gives us a very useful taxonomy:

If you categorize the criteria, doing it by the operation performed gives the
expected results I'd say:

[1] modifying existing ballots: Mono-raise, Mono-raise-delete,
Mono-raise-random, Mono-append.
[...]
[2] substituting ballots: Mono-sub-top [,] Mono-sub-plump
[...]
[3] adding/dropping ballots: Mono-add-top, Mono-remove-bottom, Mono-add-plump.

This is incredibly helpful!  I realize I cut out a lot of the
supporting verbiage as I'm "quoting" you, but the trimmed version
gives me a cheat sheet that helps me understand your analysis much
better, and hopefully gives me a framework I can keep in my head to
use when I'm explaining the monotonicity criterion to others.

Thanks for patiently answering my weird questions and accepting my
challenge to make sense of the Woodall Nine.  I'm going to be pretty
busy the rest of this week, but I may decide to start rewriting the
"Monotonicity" article on electowiki next week.  If I do, I'll need to
give you credit somehow.  Thank you!

Rob

Hi Kevin, Thanks for being patient with me and humoring me with this exercise. Your email reminded me to reply to Steve Eppley, which I did: <http://lists.electorama.com/pipermail/election-methods-electorama.com/2020-November/002605.html> In that email, I noted my desire to have a truly excellent article about the "Monotonicity criterion" (either on Wikipedia or electowiki, and preferably on both) which is approachable by the layperson. I want an article that the reader to learn more (with an appropriate number of hyperlinks and footnotes), but still doesn't bombard the reader with acronyms, abbreviation and jargon. The article on electowiki is here: <https://electowiki.org/wiki/Monotonicity> ...and the corresponding English Wikipedia article is here: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonicity_criterion> Both of those articles bombard the reader with mathematical terms, but do a poor job of using them consistently. More below: On Tue, Nov 17, 2020 at 8:41 PM Kevin Venzke <stepjak@yahoo.fr> wrote: > I'm not quite seeing the connection between the goal of renaming monotonicity, > and the introduction (or popularization) of another eight criteria. Woodall > still referred to it all as monotonicity, so how does his work help? Admittedly, "renaming monotonicity" isn't as helpful as being more explicit. "Whenver someone says 'monotonicity criterion', assume they mean 'mono-raise'". This whole exercise is to help me more deeply understand the Woodall paper (in particular, the "Woodall Nine"), which is going to involve a lot more study on my part. Why do I want to understand the Woodall Nine? Well, I want to understand why he broke it up into nine different criteria, giving them names (mono-raise, mono-raise-delete, mono-raise-random, mono-append, mono-sub-plump, mono-sub-top, mono-add-plump, mono-add-top, mono-remove-bottom). I'm also wondering why so many election-method experts seem to be conversant in the distinction between these, but choose to call them all a single criterion, as if there's a simple pass-fail relationship. > A couple of the criteria are so hard to satisfy that for most people it's > probably not worth learning about them. As far as whether it's worth learning, I think that's a judgement call I want to leave to the person trying to learn about monotonicity. My goal is to understand monotonicity much more deeply than I do today, so that I'm a more effective teacher on the subject. That's why I appreciate how you spelled out the "couple of the criteria": > Namely, Mono-raise-random and Mono-sub-top are apparently only satisfied by > FPP and certain top-heavy Borda-like rules that Woodall didn't even see fit > to name. His motivation for having these criteria was clearly not advocacy. Perfect; thank you! Like I said, I'm trying to figure out which criteria I'm going to spend a lot of time trying to teach others via my writing on electowiki (and elsewhere). The next portion of your email gives us a very useful taxonomy: > If you categorize the criteria, doing it by the operation performed gives the > expected results I'd say: > > [1] modifying existing ballots: Mono-raise, Mono-raise-delete, > Mono-raise-random, Mono-append. > [...] > [2] substituting ballots: Mono-sub-top [,] Mono-sub-plump > [...] > [3] adding/dropping ballots: Mono-add-top, Mono-remove-bottom, Mono-add-plump. This is incredibly helpful! I realize I cut out a lot of the supporting verbiage as I'm "quoting" you, but the trimmed version gives me a cheat sheet that helps me understand your analysis much better, and hopefully gives me a framework I can keep in my head to use when I'm explaining the monotonicity criterion to others. Thanks for patiently answering my weird questions and accepting my challenge to make sense of the Woodall Nine. I'm going to be pretty busy the rest of this week, but I may decide to start rewriting the "Monotonicity" article on electowiki next week. If I do, I'll need to give you credit somehow. Thank you! Rob
KV
Kevin Venzke
Thu, Nov 19, 2020 3:13 AM

Hi Rob,
I see the wiki pages clearly talk about Mono-raise... Maybe the discussion is confusing, but won't it be worse if you discuss another eight criteria, or favor a less common term for the concept? I could see fleshing out the Woodall section at the bottom, calling out the ones that are Mono-raise variants vs. the other three that are implied by Participation (and so not as obviously relevant to the article's main topic).
A couple more responses:

Why do I want to understand the Woodall
Nine?  Well, I want to understand why he broke it up into nine
different criteria, giving them names (mono-raise, mono-raise-delete,
mono-raise-random, mono-append, mono-sub-plump, mono-sub-top,
mono-add-plump, mono-add-top, mono-remove-bottom). 

(KV) Rereading the articles I have to concede that he did, at least, think they were important... He states in particular a preference for DAC over IRV, due to these criteria, with DAC satisfying 7 of them vs. IRV's 3. But it certainly appears he devised the criteria before inventing DAC.

I'm also wondering
why so many election-method experts seem to be conversant in the
distinction between these, but choose to call them all a single
criterion, as if there's a simple pass-fail relationship.

(KV) I don't think that's what's happening, I think it's just code-switching based on what terminology will be familiar to the audience one is talking to at that moment. One can't possibly lump them all together as one criterion because basically FPP is the only method that satisfies them all.
Kevin

Hi Rob, I see the wiki pages clearly talk about Mono-raise... Maybe the discussion is confusing, but won't it be worse if you discuss another eight criteria, or favor a less common term for the concept? I could see fleshing out the Woodall section at the bottom, calling out the ones that are Mono-raise variants vs. the other three that are implied by Participation (and so not as obviously relevant to the article's main topic). A couple more responses: >Why do I want to understand the Woodall >Nine?  Well, I want to understand why he broke it up into nine >different criteria, giving them names (mono-raise, mono-raise-delete, >mono-raise-random, mono-append, mono-sub-plump, mono-sub-top, >mono-add-plump, mono-add-top, mono-remove-bottom).  (KV) Rereading the articles I have to concede that he did, at least, think they were important... He states in particular a preference for DAC over IRV, due to these criteria, with DAC satisfying 7 of them vs. IRV's 3. But it certainly appears he devised the criteria before inventing DAC. >I'm also wondering >why so many election-method experts seem to be conversant in the >distinction between these, but choose to call them all a single >criterion, as if there's a simple pass-fail relationship. (KV) I don't think that's what's happening, I think it's just code-switching based on what terminology will be familiar to the audience one is talking to at that moment. One can't possibly lump them all together as one criterion because basically FPP is the only method that satisfies them all. Kevin
KM
Kristofer Munsterhjelm
Tue, Nov 24, 2020 11:45 PM

On 16/11/2020 03.32, Rob Lanphier wrote:

That's nine different criteria that all could be called
"monotonicity".  This raises a few questions for me:

  1. Is Woodall's definition correct?
  2. Is Woodall's definition the most useful?
  3. Is Woodall's definition overly-complicated, or just
    appropriately-complicated?
  4. Does breaking up monotonicity into nine different criteria make it
    easier to understand, or harder?
  5. Was Woodall just copying his definition from someone else when
    publishing those nine criteria?  If so, who?

"Monotonicity" is almost always mono-raise. So maybe the Monotonicity
article could detail mono-raise and then have a disambiguation
section or something like it for the other types of monotonicity; kind
of like how the clone independence page is mainly about Tideman's
concept, although Woodall split the clone independence criterion into
three of his own (clone-no-help, clone-no-harm, clone-in).

I'm not myself aware of any paper that uses unqualified "monotonicity"
to mean something else than mono-raise. Authors that refer to e.g.
mono-add-top tend to say mono-add-top.

On 16/11/2020 03.32, Rob Lanphier wrote: > That's nine different criteria that all could be called > "monotonicity". This raises a few questions for me: > > 1. Is Woodall's definition correct? > 2. Is Woodall's definition the most useful? > 3. Is Woodall's definition overly-complicated, or just > appropriately-complicated? > 4. Does breaking up monotonicity into nine different criteria make it > easier to understand, or harder? > 5. Was Woodall just copying his definition from someone else when > publishing those nine criteria? If so, who? "Monotonicity" is almost always mono-raise. So maybe the Monotonicity article could detail mono-raise and then have a disambiguation section or something like it for the other types of monotonicity; kind of like how the clone independence page is mainly about Tideman's concept, although Woodall split the clone independence criterion into three of his own (clone-no-help, clone-no-harm, clone-in). I'm not myself aware of any paper that uses unqualified "monotonicity" to mean something else than mono-raise. Authors that refer to e.g. mono-add-top tend to say mono-add-top.